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Hillel (Hebrew: הלל; variously called ''Hillel HaGadol'', or ''Hillel HaZaken'', ''Hillel HaBavli''〔(''Pirḳe Avot'' ), CUP Archive, 1939, p. 20.〕 or ''HaBavli'';〔Shulamis Frieman, ''(Who's Who in the Talmud )'', Jason Aronson, Inc., 2000, p. 163.〕 born according to tradition in Babylon c. 110 BCE, died 10 CE〔(Jewish Encyclopedia: Hillel ): "His activity of forty years is perhaps historical; and since it began, according to a trustworthy tradition (Shab. 15a), one hundred years before the destruction of Jerusalem, it must have covered the period 30 BCE - 10 CE"〕 in Jerusalem) was a famous Jewish religious leader, one of the most important figures in Jewish history. He is associated with the development of the Mishnah and the Talmud. Renowned within Judaism as a sage and scholar, he was the founder of the House of Hillel school for ''Tannaïm'' (Sages of the ''Mishnah'') and the founder of a dynasty of Sages who stood at the head of the Jews living in the Land of Israel until roughly the fifth century of the Common Era. He is popularly known as the author of two sayings: (1) "If I am not for myself who is for me? And being for my own self, what am 'I'? And if not now, when?"〔Hillel, (''Pirke Avot'' I.14 ), translated Charles Taylor〕 and (2) the expression of the ethic of reciprocity, or "Golden Rule": "That which is hateful to you, do not do to your fellow. That is the whole Torah; the rest is the explanation; go and learn." "As Hillel the Elder had stated, whosoever destroys a soul, it is considered as if he destroyed an entire world. And whosoever that saves a life, it is considered as if he saved an entire world."〔Jerusalem Talmud Sanhedrin 4:1 (22a)〕 Hillel lived in Jerusalem during the time of King Herod and the Roman emperor Augustus. In the Midrash compilation ''Sifre'' (Deut. 357), the periods of Hillel's life are made parallel to those in the life of Moses. Both lived 120 years (Deut. 34:7), and at the age of forty Hillel went to the Land of Israel; forty years he spent in study; and the last third of his life he was the spiritual head of the Jewish people. A biographical sketch can be constructed; that Hillel went to Jerusalem in the prime of his life and attained a great age. His activity of forty years likely covered the period of 30 BCE to 10 CE. == Life == Hillel was born in Babylon and, according to the Iggeret of Rav Sherira Gaon (a comprehensive history of the composition of the Talmud from the 10th century), Hillel descended from the Tribe of Benjamin on his father's side, and from the family of David on his mother's side.〔(Hebrew) 〕 When Josephus ("Vita," § 38) speaks of Hillel's great-grandson, ''Rabban'' Shimon ben Gamliel I, as belonging to a very celebrated family (), he probably refers to the glory the family owed to the activity of Hillel and ''Rabban Gamliel Hazaken''. Only Hillel's brother Shebna is mentioned; he was a merchant, whereas Hillel devoted himself to studying the Torah whilst also working as a woodcutter (Hertz 1936). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hillel the Elder」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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